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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">STM32CubeMX | 31-使用硬件FMC读写SDRAM（W9825G6KH）</h1>
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                <p>本篇详细的记录了如何使用STM32CubeMX配置 STM32F767IGT6 的硬件FMC外设与 SDRAM 通信（W9825G6KH）。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h1 id="1-准备工作"><a href="#1-准备工作" class="headerlink" title="1. 准备工作"></a>1. 准备工作</h1><h2 id="硬件准备"><a href="#硬件准备" class="headerlink" title="硬件准备"></a>硬件准备</h2><ul>
<li><p>开发板<br>首先需要准备一个开发板，这里我准备的是STM32F767IGT6的核心板。</p>
</li>
<li><p>SDRAM<br>核心板板载一片SDRAM，型号为 <code>W9825G6KH</code>，大小为 32 MB。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020082515334465.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="软件准备"><a href="#软件准备" class="headerlink" title="软件准备"></a>软件准备</h2><p>需要准备一份 W9825G6KH-6 的数据手册。</p>
<h1 id="2-STM32-FMC外设概述"><a href="#2-STM32-FMC外设概述" class="headerlink" title="2. STM32 FMC外设概述"></a>2. STM32 FMC外设概述</h1><h2 id="2-1-什么是FMC"><a href="#2-1-什么是FMC" class="headerlink" title="2.1. 什么是FMC"></a>2.1. 什么是FMC</h2><p>FMC全称Flexible Memory Controller，灵活的内存控制器，顾名思义，其主要作用是：<font color="red"><strong>负责向外部扩展的存储类设备提供控制信号</strong></font>。</p>
<p>FMC内存控制器支持的存储设备有：</p>
<ul>
<li>Nor Flash、SRAM、PSRAM</li>
<li>Nand Flash</li>
<li>SDRAM</li>
<li>网卡DM9000（类存储设备）</li>
</ul>
<p>此外，FMC外设还可以通过配置与LCD控制器连接，它提供Intel 8080并口模式和Motorola 6080并口模式，并且可以灵活的配置为指定的LCD接口类型。</p>
<h2 id="2-2-FMC外设的功能框图"><a href="#2-2-FMC外设的功能框图" class="headerlink" title="2.2. FMC外设的功能框图"></a>2.2. FMC外设的功能框图</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825161133307.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="2-3-外部设备的地址映射（重点）"><a href="#2-3-外部设备的地址映射（重点）" class="headerlink" title="2.3. 外部设备的地址映射（重点）"></a>2.3. 外部设备的地址映射（重点）</h2><p>从FMC的角度来看，外部的存储设备被分为几个固定大小的Bank，<font color="red"><strong>每个bank 256 MB</strong></font>。</p>
<p>整个FMC外设映射地址的划分如图：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825162537204.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3 id="2-3-1-Bank1"><a href="#2-3-1-Bank1" class="headerlink" title="2.3.1. Bank1"></a>2.3.1. Bank1</h3><p>Bank1的地址空间为：<code>0x6000 0000 - 0x6FFF FFFF</code>，支持外接Nor Flash、PSRAM、SRAM等设备，还可以外接DM9000等类存储设备。</p>
<p>整个Bank1的地址空间被划分为四个子bank，<strong>每个子bank的大小为64MB，刚好对应FMC外设的地址总线（FMC_A[0:25]）有26条（2^26=64MB）。</strong></p>
<p>FMC还有两条内部总线ADDR[27:26]，用这两路控制片选信号，如下表：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825164300784.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3 id="2-3-2-Bank3"><a href="#2-3-2-Bank3" class="headerlink" title="2.3.2. Bank3"></a>2.3.2. Bank3</h3><p>只能外接Nand Flash设备。</p>
<h3 id="2-3-3-SDRAM-Bank"><a href="#2-3-3-SDRAM-Bank" class="headerlink" title="2.3.3. SDRAM Bank"></a>2.3.3. SDRAM Bank</h3><p>只能外接SDRAM设备。</p>
<h1 id="3-使用STM32CubeMX生成工程"><a href="#3-使用STM32CubeMX生成工程" class="headerlink" title="3. 使用STM32CubeMX生成工程"></a>3. 使用STM32CubeMX生成工程</h1><h2 id="选择芯片型号"><a href="#选择芯片型号" class="headerlink" title="选择芯片型号"></a>选择芯片型号</h2><p>打开STM32CubeMX，打开MCU选择器：<br><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL21jdWxvdmVyNjY2LmNuL2ltYWdlLzIwMTkwODA2L2dCUDZnbG1VU0g4MC5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png"></p>
<p>搜索并选中芯片<code>STM32F767IGT6</code>:<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020082518210365.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="配置时钟源"><a href="#配置时钟源" class="headerlink" title="配置时钟源"></a>配置时钟源</h2><ul>
<li>如果选择使用外部高速时钟（HSE），则需要在System Core中配置RCC；</li>
<li>如果使用默认内部时钟（HSI），这一步可以略过；</li>
</ul>
<p>这里我都使用外部时钟：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825182248376.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="配置串口"><a href="#配置串口" class="headerlink" title="配置串口"></a>配置串口</h2><p>开发板板载了一个CH340换串口，连接到USART1，但是引脚不是默认引脚，需要手动修改。</p>
<p>接下来开始配置<code>USART1</code>并修改引脚：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825182417302.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="配置FMC外设"><a href="#配置FMC外设" class="headerlink" title="配置FMC外设"></a>配置FMC外设</h2><blockquote>
<p>**在配置FMC外设的时候，需要了解所用SDRAM的一些参数，如果你还对SDRAM的内部结构不熟悉，请阅读这篇博客：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/108232505">SDRAM学习笔记（eg. W9825G6KH）</a>**。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="FMC配置"><a href="#FMC配置" class="headerlink" title="FMC配置"></a>FMC配置</h3><p>开发板上SDRAM（W9825G6KH）的原理图如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200825182618495.png#pic_center"></p>
<p>通过原理图可以看出：</p>
<ul>
<li>数据总线位宽使用了16bit：FMC D0 - FMC D15；</li>
<li>地址总线位宽使用了13bit：FMC A0 - FMC A12；</li>
<li>BANK选择信号线有两条：FMC BA0 和 FMC BA1；</li>
<li>时钟使能信号使用FMC SDCKE0，片选信号使能使用FMC SDME0，可以看出使用SDRAM区域1；</li>
<li>其它通用信号线：FMC SDNWE、FMC SDNCAS、FMC SDNRAS、FMC SDCLK；</li>
<li>数据掩码信号线使用 FMC NBL0 和 FMC NBL1，分别控制输出高8位还是低8位；</li>
</ul>
<p>根据这些信息，在STM32CubeMX中先配置SDRAM1的基本设置：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827091103967.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3 id="SDRAM基本参数配置"><a href="#SDRAM基本参数配置" class="headerlink" title="SDRAM基本参数配置"></a>SDRAM基本参数配置</h3><p>这部分信息从 SDRAM（W9825G6KH） 的数据手册中即可看到。</p>
<p>① 速度等级：<strong>当CL=3时最高速度为166Mhz</strong>。因为STM32F767的HCLK=216Mhz，所以需要进行二分频，使SDRAM的时钟频率为108Mhz。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827092557284.png#pic_center"><br>② 行地址宽度和列地址宽度：<strong>有A0-A12 总共13条行地址线，有A0-A8总共9条列地址线</strong>。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827092821381.png#pic_center"><br>最后配置如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827092241920.png#pic_center"></p>
<h3 id="SDRAM时序参数配置"><a href="#SDRAM时序参数配置" class="headerlink" title="SDRAM时序参数配置"></a>SDRAM时序参数配置</h3><p>通过之前的设置，SDRAM的时钟频率为108Mhz，一个时钟周期就是9.26 ns，所以下面参数的单位都是9.26ns。</p>
<p>① LoadToActiveDelay：TMRD 定义加载模式寄存器的命令与激活命令或刷新命令之间的延迟，最小值为2个clk。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827094322967.png#pic_center"><br>② ExitSelfRefreshDelay：从退出自刷新到行有效的时间延迟，最小72ns，所以参数设置为8。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020082709464638.png#pic_center"><br>③ SelfRefreshTime：自刷新周期，最小是42ns，所以设置为6。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827095034735.png#pic_center"><br>④ RowCycleDelay（tRC）：刷新命令和激活命令之间的延迟，最小值为60，所以设置为7。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827095237521.png#pic_center"><br>⑤ WriteRecoveryTime：写命令和预充电命令之间的延迟，在CL=3的情况下，最小是2个clk。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827095532716.png#pic_center"><br>⑥ RPDelay（tRP）：预充电命令与其它命令之间的延迟，最小15ns，所以此项设置为2。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827095708755.png#pic_center"><br>⑦ RCDDelay（tRCD）：激活命令与读/写命令之间的延迟，最小15ns，所以设置为2。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827095842850.png#pic_center"><br>配置情况如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827113308645.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="配置时钟树"><a href="#配置时钟树" class="headerlink" title="配置时钟树"></a>配置时钟树</h2><p>STM32G070RB的最高主频到216M，使<code>HCLK = 216Mhz</code>即可：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827100423158.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="生成工程设置"><a href="#生成工程设置" class="headerlink" title="生成工程设置"></a>生成工程设置</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827100713752.png#pic_center"></p>
<h2 id="代码生成设置"><a href="#代码生成设置" class="headerlink" title="代码生成设置"></a>代码生成设置</h2><p>最后设置生成独立的初始化文件：<br><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL21jdWxvdmVyNjY2LmNuL2ltYWdlLzIwMTkwODA2L1Q2V3ZTSzZEZnB0cy5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png"></p>
<h2 id="生成代码"><a href="#生成代码" class="headerlink" title="生成代码"></a>生成代码</h2><p>点击<code>GENERATE CODE</code>即可生成MDK-V5工程：</p>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL21jdWxvdmVyNjY2LmNuL2ltYWdlLzIwMTkwODA2L3MwakdoTEJXVzZDbS5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png"></p>
<h1 id="4-测试SDRAM读写"><a href="#4-测试SDRAM读写" class="headerlink" title="4. 测试SDRAM读写"></a>4. 测试SDRAM读写</h1><h2 id="4-1-编写SDRAM初始化代码"><a href="#4-1-编写SDRAM初始化代码" class="headerlink" title="4.1. 编写SDRAM初始化代码"></a>4.1. 编写SDRAM初始化代码</h2><p>新建SDRAM驱动文件<code>sdram_fmc_drv.h</code>：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/**
 *@file    sdram_fmc_drv.h
 *@brief   使用 FMC 操作 SDRAM
 *@author  mculover666
 *@date    2020-08-27
 *@note    此驱动测试 W9825G6KH SDRAM芯片通过
*/

#ifndef _SDRAM_FMC_DRV_H_
#define _SDRAM_FMC_DRV_H_

#include &quot;fmc.h&quot;

#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_1             ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_2             ((uint16_t)0x0001)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_4             ((uint16_t)0x0002)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_8             ((uint16_t)0x0004)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL      ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_INTERLEAVED     ((uint16_t)0x0008)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_2              ((uint16_t)0x0020)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_3              ((uint16_t)0x0030)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD    ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_PROGRAMMED ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_SINGLE     ((uint16_t)0x0200)

void SDRAM_Init(void);

#endif /* _SDRAM_FMC_DRV_H_ */
</code></pre>
<p>然后在c文件中封装一个向SDRAM发送命令的函数：</p>
<pre><code class="c">static int SDRAM_SendCommand(uint32_t CommandMode, uint32_t Bank, uint32_t RefreshNum, uint32_t RegVal)
&#123;
    uint32_t CommandTarget;
    FMC_SDRAM_CommandTypeDef Command;
    
    if (Bank == 1) &#123;
        CommandTarget = FMC_SDRAM_CMD_TARGET_BANK1;
    &#125; else if (Bank == 2) &#123;
        CommandTarget = FMC_SDRAM_CMD_TARGET_BANK2;
    &#125;
    
    Command.CommandMode = CommandMode;
    Command.CommandTarget = CommandTarget;
    Command.AutoRefreshNumber = RefreshNum;
    Command.ModeRegisterDefinition = RegVal;
    
    if (HAL_SDRAM_SendCommand(&amp;hsdram1, &amp;Command, 0x1000) != HAL_OK) &#123;
        return -1;
    &#125;
    
    return 0;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>最后实现SDRAM初始化的函数：</p>
<pre><code class="c">void SDRAM_Init(void)
&#123;
    uint32_t temp;
    
    /* 1. 时钟使能命令 */
    SDRAM_SendCommand(FMC_SDRAM_CMD_CLK_ENABLE, 1, 1, 0);
    
    /* 2. 延时，至少100us */
    HAL_Delay(1);
    
    /* 3. SDRAM全部预充电命令 */
    SDRAM_SendCommand(FMC_SDRAM_CMD_PALL, 1, 1, 0);
    
    /* 4. 自动刷新命令 */
    SDRAM_SendCommand(FMC_SDRAM_CMD_AUTOREFRESH_MODE, 1, 8, 0);
    
    /* 5. 配置SDRAM模式寄存器 */   
    temp = (uint32_t)SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_LENGTH_1            |          //设置突发长度：1
                     SDRAM_MODEREG_BURST_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL     |          //设置突发类型：连续
                     SDRAM_MODEREG_CAS_LATENCY_3             |          //设置CL值：3
                     SDRAM_MODEREG_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD   |          //设置操作模式：标准
                     SDRAM_MODEREG_WRITEBURST_MODE_SINGLE;              //设置突发写模式：单点访问  
    SDRAM_SendCommand(FMC_SDRAM_CMD_LOAD_MODE, 1, 1, temp);
    
    /* 6. 设置自刷新频率 */
    /*
        SDRAM refresh period / Number of rows）*SDRAM时钟速度 – 20
      = 64000(64 ms) / 4096 *108MHz - 20
      = 1667.5 取值1668
    */
    HAL_SDRAM_ProgramRefreshRate(&amp;hsdram1, 1668);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="4-2-编写SDRAM读写测试代码"><a href="#4-2-编写SDRAM读写测试代码" class="headerlink" title="4.2. 编写SDRAM读写测试代码"></a>4.2. 编写SDRAM读写测试代码</h2><p>接下来在main.c中添加SDRAM测试代码。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>此测试代码来自安富莱电子。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>① 引入SDRAM驱动头文件：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &quot;sdram_fmc_drv.h&quot;
/* USER CODE END Includes */
</code></pre>
<p>② 宏定义SDRAM的映射地址以及SDRAM的大小：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#define EXT_SDRAM_ADDR      ((uint32_t)0xC0000000)
#define EXT_SDRAM_SIZE        (32 * 1024 * 1024)

uint32_t bsp_TestExtSDRAM(void);
/* USER CODE END 0 */
</code></pre>
<p>③ 编写测试函数：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/*
*********************************************************************************************************
*    函 数 名: bsp_TestExtSDRAM
*    功能说明: 扫描测试外部SDRAM的全部单元。
*    形    参: 无
*    返 回 值: 0 表示测试通过； 大于0表示错误单元的个数。
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
uint32_t bsp_TestExtSDRAM(void)
&#123;
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t *pSRAM;
    uint8_t *pBytes;
    uint32_t err;
    const uint8_t ByteBuf[4] = &#123;0x55, 0xA5, 0x5A, 0xAA&#125;;

    /* 写SDRAM */
    pSRAM = (uint32_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; EXT_SDRAM_SIZE / 4; i++)
    &#123;
        *pSRAM++ = i;
    &#125;

    /* 读SDRAM */
    err = 0;
    pSRAM = (uint32_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; EXT_SDRAM_SIZE / 4; i++)
    &#123;
        if (*pSRAM++ != i)
        &#123;
            err++;
        &#125;
    &#125;

    if (err &gt;  0)
    &#123;
        return  (4 * err);
    &#125;

    /* 对SDRAM 的数据求反并写入 */
    pSRAM = (uint32_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; EXT_SDRAM_SIZE / 4; i++)
    &#123;
        *pSRAM = ~*pSRAM;
        pSRAM++;
    &#125;

    /* 再次比较SDRAM的数据 */
    err = 0;
    pSRAM = (uint32_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; EXT_SDRAM_SIZE / 4; i++)
    &#123;
        if (*pSRAM++ != (~i))
        &#123;
            err++;
        &#125;
    &#125;

    if (err &gt;  0)
    &#123;
        return (4 * err);
    &#125;

    /* 测试按字节方式访问, 目的是验证 FSMC_NBL0 、 FSMC_NBL1 口线 */
    pBytes = (uint8_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; sizeof(ByteBuf); i++)
    &#123;
        *pBytes++ = ByteBuf[i];
    &#125;

    /* 比较SDRAM的数据 */
    err = 0;
    pBytes = (uint8_t *)EXT_SDRAM_ADDR;
    for (i = 0; i &lt; sizeof(ByteBuf); i++)
    &#123;
        if (*pBytes++ != ByteBuf[i])
        &#123;
            err++;
        &#125;
    &#125;
    if (err &gt;  0)
    &#123;
        return err;
    &#125;
    return 0;
&#125;
/* USER CODE END 4 */
</code></pre>
<p>④ 在main函数中调用：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
printf(&quot;STM32F767 SDRAM Test By Mculover666\r\n&quot;);

SDRAM_Init();

printf(&quot;SDRAM W9825G6KH Init success\r\n&quot;);

if (bsp_TestExtSDRAM() == 0) &#123;
    printf(&quot;SDRAM Test success\r\n&quot;);
&#125; else &#123;
    printf(&quot;SDRAM Test fail\r\n&quot;);
&#125;
/* USER CODE END 2 */
</code></pre>
<h2 id="4-3-实验结果"><a href="#4-3-实验结果" class="headerlink" title="4.3. 实验结果"></a>4.3. 实验结果</h2><p>编译，下载到开发板中，在串口助手中查看实验结果：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827112351267.png#pic_center"></p>
<h1 id="5-直接指定变量存储到-SDRAM-空间"><a href="#5-直接指定变量存储到-SDRAM-空间" class="headerlink" title="5. 直接指定变量存储到 SDRAM 空间"></a>5. 直接指定变量存储到 SDRAM 空间</h1><p>第4节中的测试方法是使用指针访问SDRAM空间，未免过于麻烦。<strong>在实际使用中，可以直接定义一个非常大的数组，将整个数组都存储到SDRAM上，然后动态的使用SDRAM内存空间。</strong></p>
<p><font color="red"><strong>要注意使用这种方法定义变量时，必须在函数外把它定义成全局变量，才可以存储到指定地址上。</strong></font></p>
<p>测试过程如下：</p>
<p>① 定义全局变量并指定绝对地址：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* 绝对定位方式访问 SDRAM,这种方式必须定义成全局变量 */
uint8_t testValue __attribute__((at(EXT_SDRAM_ADDR)));
</code></pre>
<p>② 在main函数中赋值，然后打印：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* 操作在SDRAM的变量 */
testValue = 0x5a;
printf(&quot;testValue is %#x\r\n&quot;, testValue);
</code></pre>
<p>编译，下载，查看实验结果：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200827144932673.png#pic_center"></p>
<p>更多精彩文章及资源，请关注我的微信公众号：『mculover666』。</p>
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